Information warfare
Jorge Marinho, Júlio Ventura and Lourenço Ribeiro provide a geopolitical analysis of Venezuela, considering China, Iran and Russia’s defiance of the United States
Hugo Chávez’s first victory in the 1999 presidential elections amounted to the growing prominence of the left, not only in Venezuela but also in Latin America, which triggered what became known as a ‘Pink Tide’. Within this political context in the region, the neo-liberalism and hegemony of the United States are disputed. This gives a few countries’ governments competing with the US the chance . . .
